Which of the following is considered a learning disability?

Dyslexia is considered a learning disability because it specifically affects an individual's ability to read, spell, and process language. This condition is characterized by difficulties in recognizing printed words and in decoding them, which is linked to deficits in phonological awareness, verbal memory, and processing speed. People with dyslexia may struggle with reading fluency and comprehension, even though their intelligence is typically average or above average.

In contrast, anxiety, attention-seeking behavior, and oppositional defiant disorder are not classified as learning disabilities. Anxiety can impact learning by affecting concentration and motivation but does not directly impair cognitive processing in the way that a learning disability does. Attention-seeking behavior and oppositional defiant disorder relate more to behavioral issues rather than specific cognitive skills associated with learning disabilities. Therefore, dyslexia is correctly identified as a learning disability due to its definitive impact on academic performance and the cognitive processes involved in learning.