What is the difference between sex and gender?

The distinction between sex and gender is fundamental in the fields of psychology and human development. Sex refers to the biological differences between males and females, including physical attributes such as chromosomes, hormone levels, and reproductive or sexual anatomy. These biological characteristics are typically assigned at birth based on physical anatomy.

On the other hand, gender encompasses the roles, behaviors, activities, and expectations that a society considers appropriate for individuals based on their perceived sex. This includes societal expectations about how individuals should dress, behave, and interact based on whether they are categorized as male or female. Gender is shaped by cultural, social, and historical factors, allowing it to vary significantly across different societies and time periods.

This understanding highlights why the answer is accurate: it clearly defines sex in terms of biological differences and gender in terms of social and cultural roles, illuminating the complexity and interplay between the two concepts in personal identity and social dynamics.