What is deductive reasoning and when does it appear?

Deductive reasoning is a logical process through which conclusions are drawn from general principles or premises to specific instances. This cognitive ability is particularly developed during adolescence, when individuals begin to think more abstractly and systematically. As adolescents grow, they become capable of applying general rules or theories to specific situations, leading to more sophisticated problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

The emergence of deductive reasoning corresponds with the cognitive development theories proposed by psychologists like Jean Piaget, who identified formal operational thought as a stage marked by the ability to engage in abstract and hypothetical reasoning. This is a notable development from earlier stages, where thinking is more concrete and based on direct experiences.

In summary, the correct option highlights the age at which deductive reasoning becomes prominent, indicating a shift towards more advanced cognitive processes and critical thinking skills often seen in adolescents.