What factor significantly influences the degree of grandparent involvement?

The degree of grandparent involvement is significantly influenced by the proximity of the grandparents' home to their grandchildren. When grandparents live nearby, it facilitates regular visits, spontaneous interactions, and the ability to be more actively involved in the day-to-day lives of their grandchildren. This close physical distance enables grandparents to attend events such as sports games, school activities, and family gatherings more easily, fostering stronger relationships and bonds.

In contrast, factors such as wealth, the age of the grandchildren, and health status do not have as direct an impact on the frequency and quality of interactions. While financial resources may assist grandparents in providing certain activities or gifts, and health status might limit engagement, it is the accessibility afforded by geographical closeness that most directly enables and encourages frequent involvement in a child's life. Therefore, the physical distance between grandparents and grandchildren plays a critical role in shaping the overall dynamics of their relationship.