What cognitive ability may improve due to the process of myelination during adolescence?

The cognitive ability that may improve due to the process of myelination during adolescence is critical thinking. Myelination refers to the process of forming a myelin sheath around the nerves, which enhances the speed and efficiency of electrical signal transmission between neurons. This process is particularly active during adolescence, a period characterized by significant brain development and maturation.

As myelination progresses in areas of the brain associated with higher-order functions, such as the prefrontal cortex, adolescents show improved capabilities in reasoning, judgment, and decision-making. Critical thinking relies heavily on these higher cognitive processes, enabling individuals to analyze situations more deeply, evaluate evidence, and synthesize information.

While spatial awareness, problem-solving skills, and memory recall are also influenced by brain development during adolescence, critical thinking is particularly tied to the maturation of brain regions responsible for complex thought processes. The increased connectivity and processing speed afforded by myelination strengthen the ability to think critically, making this the most appropriate choice in the context of cognitive improvements during this developmental stage.