What characterizes a major neurocognitive disorder?

A major neurocognitive disorder is characterized by significant cognitive decline that impacts an individual's ability to perform daily activities independently. This decline can affect various cognitive domains, including memory, attention, problem-solving, and language, ultimately leading to challenges in managing personal affairs, work responsibilities, and social interactions.

This condition is distinct from minimal cognitive impairment, which may not substantially affect everyday functioning. In contrast, normal cognitive function in aging does not meet the criteria for a major neurocognitive disorder, nor does temporary cognitive disorientation with a possibility of recovery reflect the chronic and progressive nature of such disorders. The focus on significant impairment that disrupts independence highlights the severity and impact of this condition on daily life, making it the defining characteristic of a major neurocognitive disorder.