What are physiological differences primarily associated with?

Physiological differences in humans are primarily associated with sex, which refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as male or female. These characteristics include aspects such as chromosomes, hormone levels, reproductive and sexual anatomy. For instance, males typically have XY chromosomes, while females have XX chromosomes. These biological factors contribute to physical attributes such as body shape, size, and reproductive capabilities, which are distinct and observable.

In contrast, gender identity, emotional development, and social development are influenced more by psychological and sociocultural factors rather than physiological ones. Gender identity pertains to an individual's internal sense of being male, female, or somewhere along the gender spectrum, while emotional development involves the maturation of feelings and emotions over time. Social development concerns how individuals learn to interact with others and navigate societal structures, which are shaped largely by experiences and environmental factors, rather than by biological differences. Therefore, sex is the most appropriate term to link to physiological differences.