How does proximity affect grandparent involvement according to the studied factors?

Closer proximity often leads to more involvement because when grandparents live near their grandchildren, they have greater opportunities for regular interaction and participation in their lives. This proximity facilitates spontaneous visits, shared activities, and the ability to provide support or care as needed. Regular contact enhances the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren, fostering stronger emotional bonds and increased opportunities for involvement in day-to-day experiences. Additionally, geographic closeness often allows for the sharing of family traditions and cultural values, which contributes to a sense of belonging and continuity within the family dynamic.

Other factors that may influence involvement, such as the daily schedules of both grandparents and grandchildren, social attitudes toward extended family participation, and the overall family context, can also play a role. However, the overarching theme is that geographic closeness typically improves the frequency and quality of interactions, leading to greater involvement in the grandchildren’s lives.