How do recessions typically impact middle-aged adults?

Recessions often lead to significant economic challenges that directly impact individuals' financial stability. For middle-aged adults, who typically have established careers and financial responsibilities, a downturn can mean job losses, reduced hours, or cuts in pay. As the job market becomes more competitive, this demographic may experience longer periods of unemployment because employers might favor younger workers or those with fewer salary expectations.

Moreover, financial resources often dwindle during a recession due to decreased savings, potential loss of investments, and ongoing expenses that do not decrease proportionately with income loss. This scenario can create a cycle where middle-aged adults may struggle to find new employment or re-enter the workforce, resulting in extended unemployment periods. The combined effect of these factors can exacerbate financial stress, making option C the correct answer as it captures the realities faced by middle-aged adults during economic downturns.